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The Skyline G Blog: New ideas and perspectives focused on results
by Thuy Sindell, PhD. and Milo Sindell, MS.
Strategic thinking is the process of identifying the best way to achieve your vision or objective given your unique situation, circumstances and preferences. It requires a systemic view of your own organization and industry, at the market level and across the larger economic and business environments. This type of thinking includes the ability and willingness to look at problems differently, try new things, take risks and consider long- term implications of current actions.
The difference between planning and strategic thinking according to Henry Mintzberg, “Planning has always been about analysis – about breaking down a goal or set of intentions into steps, formalizing those steps so that they can be implemented almost automatically, and articulating the anticipated consequences or results of each step. Strategic thinking, in contrast, is about synthesis. It involves intuition and creativity. The outcome of strategic thinking is an integrated perspective of the enterprise, a not-too precisely articulated vision of direction.”
Strategic thinking requires re-framing problems to recognize opportunities that initially might not look apparent and to avoid falling into potential traps such as management fads and group think. Finally, it requires proactive monitoring and quick responses to make adjustments as change effects progress or when it becomes apparent that the strategy or its implementation is not working.
Leadership is essentially about change, and change is a trajectory to the future; it implies something new. If leaders are going to introduce something new, it should be based upon sound goals and a well-thought-through strategy. Effective strategic thinking helps identify a path that leverages strengths, minimizes threats and weaknesses, and maximizes competitive advantage.
It demands a “What happens if I do this?” mindset. The answer to this question should focus first on the impact to the larger system as opposed to the individual parts. Strategic thinking requires scanning the future for potential changes, opportunities and risks. This mindset also includes anticipating long-term implications of current activities and considering the interdependencies and relationships within the system and at its boundaries. It recognizes the ongoing, essential nature of this work.
Strategic thinking requires a long, holistic view with planning for likely scenarios, and leaders typically approach it in a couple of ways. Some leaders take a long-term systems approach, considering possibilities and creating plans from that knowledge. Their process is collaborative and fluid, engaging others and remaining flexible. The strength of this approach is the ability and willingness to involve other perspectives and to consider a wider view that looks beyond traditional boundaries for opportunities and threats. Risks associated with this approach include being so engaging and open to possibilities that progress is hindered. As a result, people can lose confidence in the leader’s ability to make a decision or support his or her own strategy, which changes repeatedly based on others’ input.
A 2013 by Management Research Group (MRG) in which the leadership practices and effectiveness of 60,000 managers and executives in 140+ countries and 26 industries were evaluated. Participants were assessed using a 360-degree assessment tool measuring more than 20 measures of effectiveness. Leadership included such practices as innovation, persuasion, communication, and results orientation, while measures of effectiveness included such characteristics as future potential, credibility, business aptitude, and people skills. The study found that a strategic approach to leadership was, on average, 10 times more important to the perception of effectiveness than other behaviors studied.
Another approach is more linear and structured: thinking five steps out, planning accordingly and creating contingency plans. Leaders who lean toward this approach also acknowledge the whole system and the long term, and they do plan for contingencies; however, the process and the output are somewhat more methodical or disciplined. Strengths associated with this approach are consistent progress and clear direction. Risks are a potentially narrow perspective and a tendency to look only for evidence that supports the leader’s plan rather than taking a truly holistic view and including other points of view.
Expanding your view to think strategically requires not only having a clear objective but understanding everything that influences it. This requires gathering information and organizing it so that your understanding is thorough enough to support future decisions and actions. There are a number of important questions to consider. What is the objective, and why was it chosen? How will you know when you’ve reached it? What is going on inside and outside the organization and the industry that could impact it?
Who are the people affected by it, or who could have an effect on it? The objective drives all action, so while many factors will eventually help you decide which strategy to implement, anything that does not support the objective should not be on the list.
Think of a chess game. The objective: checkmate the opponent’s king. One thing chess players do is to start with the end game in mind—the actual way in which they want to capture the king. They have imagined it (or seen it) before and studied the various ways in which that particular capture can occur. They know the environment, and by working backward from the objective, they can anticipate what the opponent will do in response to certain moves. You can do the same. Once you know your objective and understand the environment well enough, work out the steps you need to achieve the success you imagine, identify the people/players who should be involved, anticipate the changes that might impact your moves, and consider how the decisions you make today will impact your ability to achieve the result you want later.
By delineating the steps, you identify what needs to be done before the objective can be achieved. This method helps identify roadblocks, if any, and helps you prepare to deal with them either to eliminate them or minimize their impact. Thinking backward allows you to determine where politics, relationships and other stakeholders play a role and where you need to make calculated decisions about the outcomes you want and the messages you want to send. This way of carrying out work is strategic.
There is never enough time for strategic thinking … or is there? Instead of hoping to find time, schedule it like you do other appointments. After all, it is an appointment, a meeting with yourself or with others focused on strategy and nothing else. Establish the habit of scheduling one hour every week to review current objectives and the strategy, consider the future, scan the past and present, and connect the two. As Jeff Weiner, CEO of LinkedIn says, “If you don’t take the time to think proactively, you will increasingly find yourself reacting to your environment rather than influencing it. The resulting situation will inevitably require far more time (and meetings) than thinking strategically would have to begin with.” Strategic thinking is the responsibility of leadership, and it expressly does not include tactical planning. That is a separate activity and must remain so to keep the brain engaged in strategy.
A crucial point is that strategic thinking is not an optional activity for leaders. It is an essential and never-ending process. Many leaders who have excelled through operational excellence do not recognize strategic thinking— absent of some other physical activity—as a priority.
As a result, they react to daily fires that steal their time and energy rather than minimizing them and influencing the future through preparation and anticipation. They consistently struggle to keep up with little hope of getting ahead. Reaction is not leadership, so these well-intentioned operational specialists are eventually replaced, often after painful burnout, by leaders who are able and willing to spend time looking ahead, studying and anticipating.
Researchers have found that a lack of strategic thinking by senior managers has been identified as a major shortcoming in organizations. Organizations that successfully integrate strategic thinking at the individual and organization level are able to create a critical core competency that forms the basis of an enduring competitive advantage.
When we make a decision about our work, we sometimes fail to consider how it might impact others. This is often a huge mistake, especially as a strategy is identified and implemented. Think about who or what the decisions you are considering impact: processes, stakeholders, projects, resources. Consider how it impacts each. Does it change a process? If so, how and where? Does the change affect other units, and, if so, do you know how? Does it change resource availability, product outcomes, markets or skills required? Do those things affect other people or other units? How? Everything you do has the potential to affect someone or something else, including their strategy and performance and/ or your own long-term results. So, take the time to consider —maybe even map out—the impact your potential decisions and actions will have on others.
To create a strategy is one matter; to execute it, quite another. Execution requires a specific sequence of interdependent decisions and actions that flow in a precise way to support the strategy in pursuit of the vision. In the United States, Southwest Airlines is an excellent example. The founders set out to create an airline that allowed everyone the opportunity to fly and provided passengers with what they wanted most: on-time arrival, low cost and a good experience. To achieve that vision, they decided on an economical strategy that did not negatively affect the passenger experience. To accomplish the strategy, they made decisions that removed cost in unique ways: They use only one kind of aircraft; they do not serve meals; they have open seating, and they get in and out of a gate quickly. To support the decisions, they built processes and incentives that enable and reward effectiveness and efficiency while taking the best care of what passengers value most. Everything they do supports the low-cost strategy that also focuses on serving customers in ways most important to them. Everything aligns with the vision.
SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis is used to identify:
A SWOT analysis is a great exercise for scanning the internal and external environments and will provide some crucial information when devising a strategy.
This analysis is a great tool that helps in strategic planning. It is a technique that actively looks at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of projects, ideas, companies, nations, even individuals. Generally speaking, strengths and weaknesses are internally focused, and opportunities and threats are externally focused.
A SWOT analysis starts with a clear current and future state. So, if you were going to conduct a SWOT analysis to determine strategy at the company level, you would start with a clear vision (future state) and a clear picture of where the company is now relative to the vision (current state). Then you would look internally to identify strengths and weaknesses. These might include capacity, availability of resources, products and services currently offered, market share, talent (what you have and your ability to draw it) and capital. Next, you would identify opportunities and threats in the external environment. Possibilities are new technologies, competitor advantage, availability of resources and talent in certain areas, changing demographics, politics and economies. Finally, you would analyze the results by looking at your strengths and the potential opportunities to determine strategies for your organization while simultaneously shoring up risks by looking at weaknesses and threats.
Becoming a more strategic leader, like any development goal, requires practice and taking the time to think through your goal, take necessary steps and implement behaviors. This entails expanding your frame of reference, pushing your thinking to see the bigger picture and the interrelationships between various elements. In many respects, effective strategic thinkers act like detectives exploring the clues, identifying interconnections and analyzing information with the intent of achieving a bigger goal.
1 - Mintzberg, Henry; The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning. Harvard Business Review January-February 1994
2 - https://hbr.org/2014/02/develop-strategic-thinkers-throughout-your-organization
3 - Ingrid Bonn, (2001) “Developing strategic thinking as a core competency”, Management Decision, Vol. 39 Issue: 1, pp.63-71, https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005408
4 - Schoemaker, Paul J.H., (1995) “Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking” from Sloan Management Review 36 (2) pp.25-40, Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (C)
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